Brown Stock Food

BASIC BROWN STOCK

Steps:

• Roast the bones in a 400 degree F oven for about 2 hours, watch so they don't burn, just want them toasty brown not blackened.
• Put bones in soup pot.
• Add 1 quart of water for each pound of bones.
• For 5 pounds add 1 bunch of carrots, 1 head celery, and 3 yellow onions.
• Bring the stock to a heavy simmer, uncovered, and cook for 12 hours.
• Add water if needed.
• DO NOT ADD SALT!
• Strain the stock and store in fridge.
• A layer of fat will form on top.
• Leave this in place to help seal the stock from air until ready to use.
• This stock will be gelatinous.
• If not using all in several days, I place some in vaccum bags and seal for freezing.

CHICKEN STOCK

Steps:

• Place chicken, vegetables, and herbs and spices in 12-quart stockpot. Set opened steamer basket directly on ingredients in pot and pour over water. Cook on high heat until you begin to see bubbles break through the surface of the liquid. Turn heat down to medium low so that stock maintains low, gentle simmer. Skim the scum from the stock with a spoon or fine mesh strainer every 10 to 15 minutes for the first hour of cooking and twice each hour for the next 2 hours. Add hot water as needed to keep bones and vegetables submerged. Simmer uncovered for 6 to 8 hours.
• Strain stock through a fine mesh strainer into another large stockpot or heatproof container discarding the solids. Cool immediately in large cooler of ice or a sink full of ice water to below 40 degrees. Place in refrigerator overnight. Remove solidified fat from surface of liquid and store in container with lid in refrigerator for 2 to 3 days or in freezer for up to 3 months. Prior to use, bring to boil for 2 minutes. Use as a base for soups and sauces.

BROWN BEEF STOCK

Steps:

• Heat oven to 400 degrees.
• Arrange bones and short ribs in a single layer in a large, heavy roasting pan. Drizzle with oil and turn to coat. Roast, turning once and stirring often for even browning, until beginning to brown, about 45 minutes. Remove from oven, add tomato paste, and stir to combine. Cook over medium heat for about 30 seconds (to let it brown a little, which cooks out some of the acidity and intensifies the sweetness), then add vegetables, stirring well. Return to oven and roast until vegetables are browned and tender and bones are deeply browned, about 40 minutes.
• Transfer bones and vegetables to a large stockpot, then spoon off fat from roasting pan and discard. Set the pan over two burners. Add water and bring to a boil, scraping up any brown bits from bottom with a wooden spoon. Boil until liquid is reduced by half, about 3 minutes. Pour contents of pan into the stockpot.
• Add enough water to stockpot to cover bones and vegetables by 2 inches (about 6 quarts). Bring to just under a boil, then reduce heat to a bare simmer (bubbles should just gently break at the surface). Add herbs and peppercorns and very gently simmer, uncovered, over low heat for 8 hours, adding more water as necessary to keep everything submerged.
• Carefully pour stock through a cheesecloth-lined sieve (do not press on solids) into a large heatproof bowl or another stockpot; discard solids. Stock will be dark brown. Skim off fat if using immediately or let cool completely (in an ice water bath, if desired) before transferring to airtight containers. Refrigerate at least 8 hours to allow the fat to accumulate at the top; lift off and discard fat before using or storing.

BASIC BROWN STOCK

Steps:

• Bones should be cut into 3 to 4 inch pieces.
• Place the bones in a roasting pan in a hot oven (400 F/200 C) and brown them well.
• Remove bones from pan and place in a stock pot.
• Cover with water and bring to a simmer.
• Simmer, skimming impurities from top of water as they rise.
• Drain and reserve the fat from the roasting pan.
• Deglaze* the pan with water and add to the stockpot.
• Mirepoix.
• Toss the onions, carrots and celery in some of the reserved fat, add to the roasting pan and brown well in the oven.
• (Browning may be done on top of the stove if desired) Add the browned mirepoix and the tomato puree to the stock pot.
• Continue to simmer.
• Prepare the sachet by placing the bay leaf, thyme, peppercons, parsley stems and whole clove in a square of cheese cloth.
• Tie with a string, leaving one end of the string long enough to tie to the stockpot handle.
• Add the sachet to the stockpot.
• Tie the string to the stockpot handle.
• Continue to simmer the stock for a total cooking time of 5-6 hours, skimming the surface as necessary.
• Add water as needed to keep bones covered.
• Strain through a china cap lined with several layers of cheesecloth.
• Cool the stock, vented, in a cold water bath and then refrigerate.
• *Todeglaze the pan, carefully add a little water to the warm pan, stirring to loosen the bits of meat and bone left in the pan.

BROWN VEAL OR BEEF STOCK

Steps:

• Preheat the oven to 475 degrees. Roast the bones for 30 minutes or until well browned, add the onions, celery and carrots and roast for 30 minutes longer. Transfer bones and vegetables to a 1012 quart tall stockpot. Discard fat from roasting pan and deglaze with 2 cups of the water. Add this to the stock pot with remaining water, bouquet garni and tomato. Bring the liquid slowly to a boil, skimming often. Simmer for 4 5 hours, skimming occasionally and replenishing the water to keep the level of water somewhat constant.
• Strain and discard solids; let stock come to room temperature and chill. When chilled, discard surface fat. Bring back to a simmer and adjust for seasoning. If too weak for your taste, reduce, the season with salt.
• If you want to concentrate it, keep on reducing and transferring to a smaller pot until you have the consistency you want.

BASIC BROWN STOCK

Steps:

• Roast bones and vegetables Heat oven to 400°F. Arrange bones and beef in a single layer in a large heavy roasting pan. Drizzle with the oil and turn to coat. Roast, turning once and stirring often for even browning, until beginning to brown, about 45 minutes. Remove from oven, add tomato paste, and stir to combine. Cook over medium heat for about 30 seconds (to let it brown a little, which cooks out some of the acidity and intensifies the sweetness), then add vegetables, stirring well. Return to oven and roast until vegetables are browned and tender and bones are deeply browned, about 40 minutes.
• Deglaze pan Transfer bones and vegetables to a large stockpot, then spoon off fat from roasting pan and discard. Set the pan over two burners. Add the water or wine and bring to a boil, scraping up any brown bits from bottom with a wooden spoon fig. 1.1, boil until liquid is reduced by half, about 3 minutes. Pour everything into the stockpot.
• Make stock Add enough water (about 6 quarts) to stockpot to cover bones and vegetables by 2 inches. Bring to just under a boil, then reduce heat to a bare simmer (bubbles should just gently break at the surface). Add herbs and peppercorns and very gently simmer, uncovered, over low heat for 8 hours, adding more water as necessary to keep everything submerged.
• Strain stock Carefully pour stock through a fine sieve (do not press on solids) into a large heatproof bowl or another stockpot and discard solids. Stock will be dark brown. Skim off fat if using immediately, or let cool completely (in an ice-water bath, if desired) before transferring to airtight containers. Refrigerate at least 8 hours to allow the fat to accumulate at the top; lift off and discard fat before using or storing. Brown stock and its variations can be refrigerated for up to 3 days or frozen for up to 3 months; thaw completely in the refrigerator before using.
• BROWN CHICKEN STOCK
• Follow the above recipe to roast the flavor base and deglaze the pan using 5 pounds chicken parts (backs, necks, and wings) in place of veal and beef; omit garlic and use only 1 tablespoon tomato paste. Then make stock, adding enough water to cover everything by about 1 inch (about 3 quarts). Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to a gentle simmer. Add 1 dried bay leaf and 1 teaspoon peppercorns and cook 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 hours, skimming surface frequently. Strain, chill, and store as directed above. Makes 2 1/2 quarts.

BROWN STOCK

Steps:

• Spread the bones and the beef in a flameproof roasting pan and roast them in pre-heated 400°F. oven for 25 minutes. Add the onions and the carrots, roast the mixture, stirring once or twice, for 30 minutes more, or until it is browned well, and transfer it with a slotted spoon to a stockpot or kettle. Pour off any fat from the pan, add 2 cups water, and deglaze the pan over high heat, scraping up the brown bits. Add the liquid to the pot with 14 cups cold water and bring the liquid to a boil, skimming the froth. Add 1/2 cup cold water and bring the mixture to a simmer, skimming the froth. Add the celery, the garlic, the parsley, the salt, the thyme, and the bay leaf and simmer the mixture for 4 hours. If a more concentrated flavor is desired, boil the stock until it is reduced to the desired concentration. Strain the stock through a fine sieve into a bowl and let it cool to warm. Chill the stock and remove the fat. The stock keeps, covered and chilled, for 1 week if it is brought to a boil every 2 days and then allowed to cool to warm, uncovered, before being chilled again, and keeps, frozen, for 3 months.

BROWN CHICKEN STOCK

Steps:

• Preheat the oven to 450 degrees F (220 degrees C). Arrange the chicken bones on a baking sheet. Roast for about 45 minutes in the preheated oven, or until well browned.
• Heat the olive oil in a stock pot over medium heat. Add the onions, celery and carrots; cook and stir until browned. If they scorch, just add a bit of water and scrape up all the bits.
• Add the roasted chicken bones to the pot, and fill with enough water to cover the bones by 2 inches. Bring to a boil, and add the garlic, thyme, parsley, basil, salt, and pepper. Reduce heat to low, and simmer uncovered for 2 hours. Add more water if needed.
• Strain out all of the solids from the broth, drain off the fat, and refrigerate. You can also remove the fat after it has chilled. The stock will be thick. Use full strength for soups and gravies, or dilute with water for a milder flavor. I like to use freezer bags for longer storage.